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Norfolk Southern Corp (NSC) stock analysis

NSCNYSERailroads, Line-Haul OperatingFiscal year ends December 31
Financials through Q3 FY2026, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026Last filing: 10-Q on Oct 22, 2026Score 11/3034% above fair value
$333.24+2.65 (+0.80%)

Close on Nov 12, 2026Market cap $74.85BP/E 28.0Yield 1.62%

StockData Score

Prices as of Nov 11, 2026How the score works

Value0Growth0Performance5Health2Dividend4

Mixed11 of 30 checks passed

Norfolk Southern passes 11 of the 30 checks behind our score; 2 could not be run for lack of data and count as not passed. Each dot in the shape is one check — hover it for the numbers.

Valuation
0/6
Growth
0/6
Past performance
5/6
Financial health
2/6
Dividend
4/6

What stands out

  • Return on equity over 15%

    Return on equity was 16.8% over the last twelve months and averaged 19.8% over five years.

  • Return on capital over 10%

    Return on invested capital was 10.2%, above the 10% that usually covers the cost of capital.

  • Earnings grew over 5 years

    Net income grew 7.4% a year on average over the last five fiscal years.

  • Interest well covered

    Operating income covers interest expense 5.2 times.

What to watch

  • Margin of safety under 20%

    The price is 33.9% above fair value, so there is no margin of safety.

  • Trading above fair value

    The share price of $330.59 is above our fair value estimate of $246.96.

  • High debt

    Debt is 99.3% of shareholders' equity, above the 40% we consider low.

  • Revenue growing under 10% a year

    Revenue grew -1.5% a year over the last three fiscal years, short of the 10% we look for.

Valuation0/6
  • P/E above its 5-year median

    Norfolk Southern's P/E of 27.7 is above its own 5-year median of 22.0.

  • P/E above the industry

    Norfolk Southern's P/E of 27.7 is above the Industrials median of 23.5.

  • EV/EBITDA above its 5-year median

    Norfolk Southern's EV/EBITDA of 16.2 is above its 5-year median of 13.6.

  • P/B above the industry

    Norfolk Southern's price-to-book of 4.44 is above the Industrials median of 2.46.

  • Trading above fair value

    The share price of $330.59 is above our fair value estimate of $246.96.

  • Margin of safety under 20%

    The price is 33.9% above fair value, so there is no margin of safety.

Growth0/6
  • Revenue growing under 10% a year

    Revenue grew -1.5% a year over the last three fiscal years, short of the 10% we look for.

  • EPS growing under 10% a year

    Diluted EPS grew -2.8% a year over the last three fiscal years.

  • Earnings growth not accelerating

    Net income grew -9.4% over the last twelve months, against a 5-year average of 7.4% a year.

  • Growing slower than the industry

    Revenue grew 6.0% over the last twelve months; the Industrials median is 7.9%.

  • Company guidance

    No outlook found in earnings releases from the last twelve months.

  • Gross margin trend

    This company does not report gross profit.

Past performance5/6
  • Return on equity over 15%

    Return on equity was 16.8% over the last twelve months and averaged 19.8% over five years.

  • Return on capital over 10%

    Return on invested capital was 10.2%, above the 10% that usually covers the cost of capital.

  • Return on equity above the industry

    Norfolk Southern's return on equity of 16.8% is above the Industrials median of 6.0%.

  • Earnings grew over 5 years

    Net income grew 7.4% a year on average over the last five fiscal years.

  • Net margin below its 5-year average

    Net margin was 20.7% over the last twelve months, against a 5-year average of 22.6%.

  • Net margin above the industry

    Norfolk Southern's net margin of 20.7% is above the Industrials median of 2.5%.

Financial health2/6
  • High debt

    Debt is 99.3% of shareholders' equity, above the 40% we consider low.

  • Debt rising against equity

    Debt to equity rose from 85.7% five years ago to 99.3%.

  • Debt covered by cash flow

    Operating cash flow over the last twelve months equals 22.8% of total debt.

  • Interest well covered

    Operating income covers interest expense 5.2 times.

  • Short-term assets don't cover short-term debts

    Current assets are 0.90 times current liabilities.

  • Bankruptcy risk in the grey zone

    The Altman Z-score is 2.53; above 3 is the safe zone and below 1.8 the distress zone.

Dividend4/6
  • Pays a dividend

    Norfolk Southern paid dividends worth 1.2% of the share price over the last twelve months.

  • Yield below Treasuries

    The 1.2% yield is below the 4.4% on a 1-year Treasury.

  • Yield below the top quarter

    The top quarter of US dividend payers yield 3.8% or more; Norfolk Southern yields 1.2%.

  • Dividend not cut

    The dividend per share has not fallen by more than 10% in any of the last 10 fiscal years.

  • Covered by earnings

    Dividends take 45.2% of net income.

  • Covered by free cash flow

    Dividends take 73.6% of free cash flow.

Scores of similar companies

Our estimate per share

$246.96

The share price is 34% above this estimate.

20%+ below
Near fair value
20%+ above
$330.59Price$246.96Fair value
MethodMultiple usedOwn 5Y medianIndustry medianValue per shareWeight
P/E22.8×22.0×23.5×$271.1940%
EV/EBITDA13.7×13.6×13.7×$268.9835%
P/B3.4×4.3×2.5×$251.1410%
Earnings power8.7% cost of equity––$128.1815%
Fair value$246.96100%

Valuation over time

Using the earnings and balance sheet published at each date, not today's.

  • P/E at month end
  • Own 5-year median 22.0
  • Industrials median 23.5

An estimate from reported numbers and market multiples, not a price target or investment advice. It can be far off for companies whose profits are about to change sharply.

Market risk

From the past year of daily prices.

Liquidity

Low risk

Average value traded per day
$310.67M
Value traded per 1% price move
$336.97M

Downside

Low risk

Typical loss in a bad month
10.8%
Volatility (annualized)
22%
Sharpe ratio, 1 year
0.50
Beta to the S&P 500 (5Y)
0.77

Typical bad-month loss, week by week

25%: high

Margins

Share of revenue, fiscal years 2011 to 2025

Operating margin

35.8%+5.1 pts over 5 years

Net margin

23.6%+3.0 pts over 5 years

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